python: Make exception handling Python 3 safe

Change-Id: I9c2cdfad20deb1ddfa224320cf93f2105d126652 Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/15980 Maintainer: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Giacomo Travaglini <giacomo.travaglini@arm.com>
2019-01-25 11:32:25 +00:00
parent 6ba4545b1f
commit fa21127a64
13 changed files with 177 additions and 182 deletions
--- a/src/python/importer.py
+++ b/src/python/importer.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class CodeImporter(object):

    def add_module(self, filename, abspath, modpath, code):
        if modpath in self.modules:
-            raise AttributeError, "%s already found in importer" % modpath
+            raise AttributeError("%s already found in importer" % modpath)

        self.modules[modpath] = (filename, abspath, code)

--- a/src/python/m5/SimObject.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/SimObject.py
@@ -483,8 +483,8 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):
            if isinstance(c, MetaSimObject):
                bTotal += 1
            if bTotal > 1:
-                raise TypeError, \
-                      "SimObjects do not support multiple inheritance"
+                raise TypeError(
+                      "SimObjects do not support multiple inheritance")

        base = bases[0]

@@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):

    def _set_keyword(cls, keyword, val, kwtype):
        if not isinstance(val, kwtype):
-            raise TypeError, 'keyword %s has bad type %s (expecting %s)' % \
-                  (keyword, type(val), kwtype)
+            raise TypeError('keyword %s has bad type %s (expecting %s)' % \
+                  (keyword, type(val), kwtype))
        if isinstance(val, FunctionType):
            val = classmethod(val)
        type.__setattr__(cls, keyword, val)
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):
        try:
            hr_value = value
            value = param.convert(value)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
            msg = "%s\nError setting param %s.%s to %s\n" % \
                  (e, cls.__name__, name, value)
            e.args = (msg, )
@@ -622,10 +622,10 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):
            return

        if isSimObjectOrSequence(value) and cls._instantiated:
-            raise RuntimeError, \
+            raise RuntimeError(
                  "cannot set SimObject parameter '%s' after\n" \
                  "    class %s has been instantiated or subclassed" \
-                  % (attr, cls.__name__)
+                  % (attr, cls.__name__))

        # check for param
        param = cls._params.get(attr)
@@ -639,8 +639,8 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):
            return

        # no valid assignment... raise exception
-        raise AttributeError, \
-              "Class %s has no parameter \'%s\'" % (cls.__name__, attr)
+        raise AttributeError(
+              "Class %s has no parameter \'%s\'" % (cls.__name__, attr))

    def __getattr__(cls, attr):
        if attr == 'cxx_class_path':
@@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ class MetaSimObject(type):
        if cls._children.has_key(attr):
            return cls._children[attr]

-        raise AttributeError, \
-              "object '%s' has no attribute '%s'" % (cls.__name__, attr)
+        raise AttributeError(
+              "object '%s' has no attribute '%s'" % (cls.__name__, attr))

    def __str__(cls):
        return cls.__name__
@@ -1152,9 +1152,9 @@ class SimObject(object):
            # no memo_dict: must be top-level clone operation.
            # this is only allowed at the root of a hierarchy
            if self._parent:
-                raise RuntimeError, "attempt to clone object %s " \
+                raise RuntimeError("attempt to clone object %s " \
                      "not at the root of a tree (parent = %s)" \
-                      % (self, self._parent)
+                      % (self, self._parent))
            # create a new dict and use that.
            memo_dict = {}
            kwargs['_memo'] = memo_dict
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ class SimObject(object):
            err_string += "\n  (C++ object is not yet constructed," \
                          " so wrapped C++ methods are unavailable.)"

-        raise AttributeError, err_string
+        raise AttributeError(err_string)

    # Set attribute (called on foo.attr = value when foo is an
    # instance of class cls).
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ class SimObject(object):
            try:
                hr_value = value
                value = param.convert(value)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                msg = "%s\nError setting param %s.%s to %s\n" % \
                      (e, self.__class__.__name__, attr, value)
                e.args = (msg, )
@@ -1240,8 +1240,8 @@ class SimObject(object):
            return

        # no valid assignment... raise exception
-        raise AttributeError, "Class %s has no parameter %s" \
-              % (self.__class__.__name__, attr)
+        raise AttributeError("Class %s has no parameter %s" \
+              % (self.__class__.__name__, attr))


    # this hack allows tacking a '[0]' onto parameters that may or may
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ class SimObject(object):
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if key == 0:
            return self
-        raise IndexError, "Non-zero index '%s' to SimObject" % key
+        raise IndexError("Non-zero index '%s' to SimObject" % key)

    # this hack allows us to iterate over a SimObject that may
    # not be a vector, so we can call a loop over it and get just one
@@ -1352,18 +1352,18 @@ class SimObject(object):

            if isinstance(child, ptype) and not visited:
                if found_obj != None and child != found_obj:
-                    raise AttributeError, \
+                    raise AttributeError(
                          'parent.any matched more than one: %s %s' % \
-                          (found_obj.path, child.path)
+                          (found_obj.path, child.path))
                found_obj = child
        # search param space
        for pname,pdesc in self._params.iteritems():
            if issubclass(pdesc.ptype, ptype):
                match_obj = self._values[pname]
                if found_obj != None and found_obj != match_obj:
-                    raise AttributeError, \
+                    raise AttributeError(
                          'parent.any matched more than one: %s and %s' % \
-                          (found_obj.path, match_obj.path)
+                          (found_obj.path, match_obj.path))
                found_obj = match_obj
        return found_obj, found_obj != None

@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ class SimObject(object):
        if not self._ccObject:
            # Make sure this object is in the configuration hierarchy
            if not self._parent and not isRoot(self):
-                raise RuntimeError, "Attempt to instantiate orphan node"
+                raise RuntimeError("Attempt to instantiate orphan node")
            # Cycles in the configuration hierarchy are not supported. This
            # will catch the resulting recursion and stop.
            self._ccObject = -1
@@ -1541,8 +1541,8 @@ class SimObject(object):
                params = self.getCCParams()
                self._ccObject = params.create()
        elif self._ccObject == -1:
-            raise RuntimeError, "%s: Cycle found in configuration hierarchy." \
-                  % self.path()
+            raise RuntimeError("%s: Cycle found in configuration hierarchy." \
+                  % self.path())
        return self._ccObject

    def descendants(self):
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ def tryAsSimObjectOrVector(value):
 def coerceSimObjectOrVector(value):
    value = tryAsSimObjectOrVector(value)
    if value is None:
-        raise TypeError, "SimObject or SimObjectVector expected"
+        raise TypeError("SimObject or SimObjectVector expected")
    return value

 baseClasses = allClasses.copy()
--- a/src/python/m5/main.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/main.py
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def main(*args):
    elif len(args) == 2:
        options, arguments = args
    else:
-        raise TypeError, "main() takes 0 or 2 arguments (%d given)" % len(args)
+        raise TypeError("main() takes 0 or 2 arguments (%d given)" % len(args))

    m5.options = options

--- a/src/python/m5/params.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/params.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ParamDesc(object):
                self.default = args[0]
                self.desc = args[1]
            else:
-                raise TypeError, 'too many arguments'
+                raise TypeError('too many arguments')

        if kwargs.has_key('desc'):
            assert(not hasattr(self, 'desc'))
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ class ParamDesc(object):
            del kwargs['default']

        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError, 'extra unknown kwargs %s' % kwargs
+            raise TypeError('extra unknown kwargs %s' % kwargs)

        if not hasattr(self, 'desc'):
-            raise TypeError, 'desc attribute missing'
+            raise TypeError('desc attribute missing')

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr == 'ptype':
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ class ParamDesc(object):
            self.ptype = ptype
            return ptype

-        raise AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % \
-              (type(self).__name__, attr)
+        raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % \
+              (type(self).__name__, attr))

    def example_str(self):
        if hasattr(self.ptype, "ex_str"):
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ class ParamDesc(object):
 class VectorParamValue(list):
    __metaclass__ = MetaParamValue
    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
-        raise AttributeError, \
-              "Not allowed to set %s on '%s'" % (attr, type(self).__name__)
+        raise AttributeError("Not allowed to set %s on '%s'" % \
+                             (attr, type(self).__name__))

    def config_value(self):
        return [v.config_value() for v in self]
@@ -539,8 +539,8 @@ class CheckedInt(NumericParamValue):

    def _check(self):
        if not self.min <= self.value <= self.max:
-            raise TypeError, 'Integer param out of bounds %d < %d < %d' % \
-                  (self.min, self.value, self.max)
+            raise TypeError('Integer param out of bounds %d < %d < %d' % \
+                  (self.min, self.value, self.max))

    def __init__(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -548,8 +548,8 @@ class CheckedInt(NumericParamValue):
        elif isinstance(value, (int, long, float, NumericParamValue)):
            self.value = long(value)
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Can't convert object of type %s to CheckedInt" \
-                  % type(value).__name__
+            raise TypeError("Can't convert object of type %s to CheckedInt" \
+                  % type(value).__name__)
        self._check()

    def __call__(self, value):
@@ -614,8 +614,8 @@ class Float(ParamValue, float):
        if isinstance(value, (int, long, float, NumericParamValue, Float, str)):
            self.value = float(value)
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Can't convert object of type %s to Float" \
-                  % type(value).__name__
+            raise TypeError("Can't convert object of type %s to Float" \
+                  % type(value).__name__)

    def __call__(self, value):
        self.__init__(value)
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ class AddrRange(ParamValue):
            elif 'size' in kwargs:
                self.end = self.start + Addr(kwargs.pop('size')) - 1
            else:
-                raise TypeError, "Either end or size must be specified"
+                raise TypeError("Either end or size must be specified")

            # Now on to the optional bit
            if 'intlvHighBit' in kwargs:
@@ -742,10 +742,10 @@ class AddrRange(ParamValue):
            self.start = Addr(args[0])
            self.end = Addr(args[1])
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many arguments specified"
+            raise TypeError("Too many arguments specified")

        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many keywords: %s" % kwargs.keys()
+            raise TypeError("Too many keywords: %s" % list(kwargs.keys()))

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s' \
@@ -885,15 +885,15 @@ class EthernetAddr(ParamValue):
            return

        if not isinstance(value, str):
-            raise TypeError, "expected an ethernet address and didn't get one"
+            raise TypeError("expected an ethernet address and didn't get one")

        bytes = value.split(':')
        if len(bytes) != 6:
-            raise TypeError, 'invalid ethernet address %s' % value
+            raise TypeError('invalid ethernet address %s' % value)

        for byte in bytes:
            if not 0 <= int(byte, base=16) <= 0xff:
-                raise TypeError, 'invalid ethernet address %s' % value
+                raise TypeError('invalid ethernet address %s' % value)

        self.value = value

@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ class IpAddress(ParamValue):

    def verifyIp(self):
        if self.ip < 0 or self.ip >= (1 << 32):
-            raise TypeError, "invalid ip address %#08x" % self.ip
+            raise TypeError("invalid ip address %#08x" % self.ip)

    def getValue(self):
        from _m5.net import IpAddress
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ class IpNetmask(IpAddress):
            elif elseVal:
                setattr(self, key, elseVal)
            else:
-                raise TypeError, "No value set for %s" % key
+                raise TypeError("No value set for %s" % key)

        if len(args) == 0:
            handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'ip')
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ class IpNetmask(IpAddress):
        elif len(args) == 1:
            if kwargs:
                if not 'ip' in kwargs and not 'netmask' in kwargs:
-                    raise TypeError, "Invalid arguments"
+                    raise TypeError("Invalid arguments")
                handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'ip', args[0])
                handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'netmask', args[0])
            elif isinstance(args[0], IpNetmask):
@@ -1013,10 +1013,10 @@ class IpNetmask(IpAddress):
            self.ip = args[0]
            self.netmask = args[1]
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many arguments specified"
+            raise TypeError("Too many arguments specified")

        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many keywords: %s" % kwargs.keys()
+            raise TypeError("Too many keywords: %s" % list(kwargs.keys()))

        self.verify()

@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ class IpNetmask(IpAddress):
    def verify(self):
        self.verifyIp()
        if self.netmask < 0 or self.netmask > 32:
-            raise TypeError, "invalid netmask %d" % netmask
+            raise TypeError("invalid netmask %d" % netmask)

    def getValue(self):
        from _m5.net import IpNetmask
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ class IpWithPort(IpAddress):
            elif elseVal:
                setattr(self, key, elseVal)
            else:
-                raise TypeError, "No value set for %s" % key
+                raise TypeError("No value set for %s" % key)

        if len(args) == 0:
            handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'ip')
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ class IpWithPort(IpAddress):
        elif len(args) == 1:
            if kwargs:
                if not 'ip' in kwargs and not 'port' in kwargs:
-                    raise TypeError, "Invalid arguments"
+                    raise TypeError("Invalid arguments")
                handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'ip', args[0])
                handle_kwarg(self, kwargs, 'port', args[0])
            elif isinstance(args[0], IpWithPort):
@@ -1087,10 +1087,10 @@ class IpWithPort(IpAddress):
            self.ip = args[0]
            self.port = args[1]
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many arguments specified"
+            raise TypeError("Too many arguments specified")

        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError, "Too many keywords: %s" % kwargs.keys()
+            raise TypeError("Too many keywords: %s" % list(kwargs.keys()))

        self.verify()

@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ class IpWithPort(IpAddress):
    def verify(self):
        self.verifyIp()
        if self.port < 0 or self.port > 0xffff:
-            raise TypeError, "invalid port %d" % self.port
+            raise TypeError("invalid port %d" % self.port)

    def getValue(self):
        from _m5.net import IpWithPort
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ def parse_time(value):
            except ValueError:
                pass

-    raise ValueError, "Could not parse '%s' as a time" % value
+    raise ValueError("Could not parse '%s' as a time" % value)

 class Time(ParamValue):
    cxx_type = 'tm'
@@ -1226,22 +1226,22 @@ class MetaEnum(MetaParamValue):
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, init_dict):
        if init_dict.has_key('map'):
            if not isinstance(cls.map, dict):
-                raise TypeError, "Enum-derived class attribute 'map' " \
-                      "must be of type dict"
+                raise TypeError("Enum-derived class attribute 'map' " \
+                      "must be of type dict")
            # build list of value strings from map
            cls.vals = cls.map.keys()
            cls.vals.sort()
        elif init_dict.has_key('vals'):
            if not isinstance(cls.vals, list):
-                raise TypeError, "Enum-derived class attribute 'vals' " \
-                      "must be of type list"
+                raise TypeError("Enum-derived class attribute 'vals' " \
+                      "must be of type list")
            # build string->value map from vals sequence
            cls.map = {}
            for idx,val in enumerate(cls.vals):
                cls.map[val] = idx
        else:
-            raise TypeError, "Enum-derived class must define "\
-                  "attribute 'map' or 'vals'"
+            raise TypeError("Enum-derived class must define "\
+                  "attribute 'map' or 'vals'")

        if cls.is_class:
            cls.cxx_type = '%s' % name
@@ -1385,8 +1385,8 @@ class Enum(ParamValue):

    def __init__(self, value):
        if value not in self.map:
-            raise TypeError, "Enum param got bad value '%s' (not in %s)" \
-                  % (value, self.vals)
+            raise TypeError("Enum param got bad value '%s' (not in %s)" \
+                  % (value, self.vals))
        self.value = value

    def __call__(self, value):
@@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ class Latency(TickParamValue):
            return self
        if attr == 'frequency':
            return Frequency(self)
-        raise AttributeError, "Latency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr
+        raise AttributeError("Latency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr)

    def getValue(self):
        if self.ticks or self.value == 0:
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ class Frequency(TickParamValue):
            return self
        if attr in ('latency', 'period'):
            return Latency(self)
-        raise AttributeError, "Frequency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr
+        raise AttributeError("Frequency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr)

    # convert latency to ticks
    def getValue(self):
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ class Clock(TickParamValue):
            return Frequency(self)
        if attr in ('latency', 'period'):
            return Latency(self)
-        raise AttributeError, "Frequency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr
+        raise AttributeError("Frequency object has no attribute '%s'" % attr)

    def getValue(self):
        return self.period.getValue()
@@ -1800,8 +1800,8 @@ class PortRef(object):
        if attr == 'peerObj':
            # shorthand for proxies
            return self.peer.simobj
-        raise AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % \
-              (self.__class__.__name__, attr)
+        raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % \
+              (self.__class__.__name__, attr))

    # Full connection is symmetric (both ways).  Called via
    # SimObject.__setattr__ as a result of a port assignment, e.g.,
@@ -1821,9 +1821,8 @@ class PortRef(object):
            if other.peer is not self:
                other.connect(self)
        else:
-            raise TypeError, \
-                  "assigning non-port reference '%s' to port '%s'" \
-                  % (other, self)
+            raise TypeError("assigning non-port reference '%s' to port '%s'" \
+                  % (other, self))

    # Allow a master/slave port pair to be spliced between
    # a port and its connected peer. Useful operation for connecting
@@ -1836,9 +1835,9 @@ class PortRef(object):

        if not isinstance(new_master_peer, PortRef) or \
           not isinstance(new_slave_peer, PortRef):
-            raise TypeError, \
+            raise TypeError(
                  "Splicing non-port references '%s','%s' to port '%s'" % \
-                  (new_master_peer, new_slave_peer, self)
+                  (new_master_peer, new_slave_peer, self))

        old_peer = self.peer
        if self.role == 'SLAVE':
@@ -1892,9 +1891,9 @@ class PortRef(object):

        # check that we connect a master to a slave
        if self.role == peer.role:
-            raise TypeError, \
-                "cannot connect '%s' and '%s' due to identical role '%s'" \
-                % (peer, self, self.role)
+            raise TypeError(
+                "cannot connect '%s' and '%s' due to identical role '%s'" % \
+                (peer, self, self.role))

        if self.role == 'SLAVE':
            # do nothing and let the master take care of it
@@ -1951,7 +1950,7 @@ class VectorPortRef(object):

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if not isinstance(key, int):
-            raise TypeError, "VectorPort index must be integer"
+            raise TypeError("VectorPort index must be integer")
        if key >= len(self.elements):
            # need to extend list
            ext = [VectorPortElementRef(self.simobj, self.name, self.role, i)
@@ -1964,7 +1963,7 @@ class VectorPortRef(object):

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        if not isinstance(key, int):
-            raise TypeError, "VectorPort index must be integer"
+            raise TypeError("VectorPort index must be integer")
        self[key].connect(value)

    def connect(self, other):
@@ -2029,7 +2028,7 @@ class MasterPort(Port):
            self.desc = args[0]
            self.role = 'MASTER'
        else:
-            raise TypeError, 'wrong number of arguments'
+            raise TypeError('wrong number of arguments')

 class SlavePort(Port):
    # SlavePort("description")
@@ -2038,7 +2037,7 @@ class SlavePort(Port):
            self.desc = args[0]
            self.role = 'SLAVE'
        else:
-            raise TypeError, 'wrong number of arguments'
+            raise TypeError('wrong number of arguments')

 # VectorPort description object.  Like Port, but represents a vector
 # of connections (e.g., as on a XBar).
@@ -2057,7 +2056,7 @@ class VectorMasterPort(VectorPort):
            self.role = 'MASTER'
            VectorPort.__init__(self, *args)
        else:
-            raise TypeError, 'wrong number of arguments'
+            raise TypeError('wrong number of arguments')

 class VectorSlavePort(VectorPort):
    # VectorSlavePort("description")
@@ -2067,7 +2066,7 @@ class VectorSlavePort(VectorPort):
            self.role = 'SLAVE'
            VectorPort.__init__(self, *args)
        else:
-            raise TypeError, 'wrong number of arguments'
+            raise TypeError('wrong number of arguments')

 # 'Fake' ParamDesc for Port references to assign to the _pdesc slot of
 # proxy objects (via set_param_desc()) so that proxy error messages
--- a/src/python/m5/proxy.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/proxy.py
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ class BaseProxy(object):

    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
        if not attr.startswith('_'):
-            raise AttributeError, \
-                  "cannot set attribute '%s' on proxy object" % attr
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "cannot set attribute '%s' on proxy object" % attr)
        super(BaseProxy, self).__setattr__(attr, value)

    # support for multiplying proxies by constants or other proxies to
    # other params
    def __mul__(self, other):
        if not (isinstance(other, (int, long, float)) or isproxy(other)):
-            raise TypeError, \
-                "Proxy multiplier must be a constant or a proxy to a param"
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Proxy multiplier must be a constant or a proxy to a param")
        self._multipliers.append(other)
        return self

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ class BaseProxy(object):
                # assert that we are multiplying with a compatible
                # param
                if not isinstance(multiplier, params.NumericParamValue):
-                    raise TypeError, \
-                        "Proxy multiplier must be a numerical param"
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Proxy multiplier must be a numerical param")
                multiplier = multiplier.getValue()
            result *= multiplier
        return result
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ class BaseProxy(object):
            base._visited = False

        if not done:
-            raise AttributeError, \
-                  "Can't resolve proxy '%s' of type '%s' from '%s'" % \
-                  (self.path(), self._pdesc.ptype_str, base.path())
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "Can't resolve proxy '%s' of type '%s' from '%s'" % \
+                  (self.path(), self._pdesc.ptype_str, base.path()))

        if isinstance(result, BaseProxy):
            if result == self:
-                raise RuntimeError, "Cycle in unproxy"
+                raise RuntimeError("Cycle in unproxy")
            result = result.unproxy(obj)

        return self._mulcheck(result, base)
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class AttrProxy(BaseProxy):
        if attr.startswith('_'):
            return super(AttrProxy, self).__getattr__(self, attr)
        if hasattr(self, '_pdesc'):
-            raise AttributeError, "Attribute reference on bound proxy"
+            raise AttributeError("Attribute reference on bound proxy")
        # Return a copy of self rather than modifying self in place
        # since self could be an indirect reference via a variable or
        # parameter
@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ class AttrProxy(BaseProxy):
    # support indexing on proxies (e.g., Self.cpu[0])
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if not isinstance(key, int):
-            raise TypeError, "Proxy object requires integer index"
+            raise TypeError("Proxy object requires integer index")
        if hasattr(self, '_pdesc'):
-            raise AttributeError, "Index operation on bound proxy"
+            raise AttributeError("Index operation on bound proxy")
        new_self = copy.deepcopy(self)
        new_self._modifiers.append(key)
        return new_self
--- a/src/python/m5/simulate.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/simulate.py
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ def memInvalidate(root):
 def checkpoint(dir):
    root = objects.Root.getInstance()
    if not isinstance(root, objects.Root):
-        raise TypeError, "Checkpoint must be called on a root object."
+        raise TypeError("Checkpoint must be called on a root object.")

    drain()
    memWriteback(root)
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ def checkpoint(dir):

 def _changeMemoryMode(system, mode):
    if not isinstance(system, (objects.Root, objects.System)):
-        raise TypeError, "Parameter of type '%s'.  Must be type %s or %s." % \
-              (type(system), objects.Root, objects.System)
+        raise TypeError("Parameter of type '%s'.  Must be type %s or %s." % \
+              (type(system), objects.Root, objects.System))
    if system.getMemoryMode() != mode:
        system.setMemoryMode(mode)
    else:
@@ -253,10 +253,10 @@ def switchCpus(system, cpuList, verbose=True):
        print("switching cpus")

    if not isinstance(cpuList, list):
-        raise RuntimeError, "Must pass a list to this function"
+        raise RuntimeError("Must pass a list to this function")
    for item in cpuList:
        if not isinstance(item, tuple) or len(item) != 2:
-            raise RuntimeError, "List must have tuples of (oldCPU,newCPU)"
+            raise RuntimeError("List must have tuples of (oldCPU,newCPU)")

    old_cpus = [old_cpu for old_cpu, new_cpu in cpuList]
    new_cpus = [new_cpu for old_cpu, new_cpu in cpuList]
@@ -264,33 +264,31 @@ def switchCpus(system, cpuList, verbose=True):
    memory_mode_name = new_cpus[0].memory_mode()
    for old_cpu, new_cpu in cpuList:
        if not isinstance(old_cpu, objects.BaseCPU):
-            raise TypeError, "%s is not of type BaseCPU" % old_cpu
+            raise TypeError("%s is not of type BaseCPU" % old_cpu)
        if not isinstance(new_cpu, objects.BaseCPU):
-            raise TypeError, "%s is not of type BaseCPU" % new_cpu
+            raise TypeError("%s is not of type BaseCPU" % new_cpu)
        if new_cpu in old_cpu_set:
-            raise RuntimeError, \
-                "New CPU (%s) is in the list of old CPUs." % (old_cpu,)
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "New CPU (%s) is in the list of old CPUs." % (old_cpu,))
        if not new_cpu.switchedOut():
-            raise RuntimeError, \
-                "New CPU (%s) is already active." % (new_cpu,)
+            raise RuntimeError("New CPU (%s) is already active." % (new_cpu,))
        if not new_cpu.support_take_over():
-            raise RuntimeError, \
-                "New CPU (%s) does not support CPU handover." % (old_cpu,)
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "New CPU (%s) does not support CPU handover." % (old_cpu,))
        if new_cpu.memory_mode() != memory_mode_name:
-            raise RuntimeError, \
+            raise RuntimeError(
                "%s and %s require different memory modes." % (new_cpu,
-                                                               new_cpus[0])
+                                                               new_cpus[0]))
        if old_cpu.switchedOut():
-            raise RuntimeError, \
-                "Old CPU (%s) is inactive." % (new_cpu,)
+            raise RuntimeError("Old CPU (%s) is inactive." % (new_cpu,))
        if not old_cpu.support_take_over():
-            raise RuntimeError, \
-                "Old CPU (%s) does not support CPU handover." % (old_cpu,)
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Old CPU (%s) does not support CPU handover." % (old_cpu,))

    try:
        memory_mode = _memory_modes[memory_mode_name]
    except KeyError:
-        raise RuntimeError, "Invalid memory mode (%s)" % memory_mode_name
+        raise RuntimeError("Invalid memory mode (%s)" % memory_mode_name)

    drain()

@@ -343,13 +341,13 @@ def fork(simout="%(parent)s.f%(fork_seq)i"):
    global fork_count

    if not _m5.core.listenersDisabled():
-        raise RuntimeError, "Can not fork a simulator with listeners enabled"
+        raise RuntimeError("Can not fork a simulator with listeners enabled")

    drain()

    try:
        pid = os.fork()
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
        raise e

    if pid == 0:
--- a/src/python/m5/ticks.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/ticks.py
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ def setGlobalFrequency(ticksPerSecond):
    elif isinstance(ticksPerSecond, str):
        tps = round(convert.anyToFrequency(ticksPerSecond))
    else:
-        raise TypeError, \
-              "wrong type '%s' for ticksPerSecond" % type(ticksPerSecond)
+        raise TypeError(
+            "wrong type '%s' for ticksPerSecond" % type(ticksPerSecond))
    _m5.core.setClockFrequency(int(tps))

 # how big does a rounding error need to be before we warn about it?
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ def fromSeconds(value):
    import _m5.core

    if not isinstance(value, float):
-        raise TypeError, "can't convert '%s' to type tick" % type(value)
+        raise TypeError("can't convert '%s' to type tick" % type(value))

    # once someone needs to convert to seconds, the global frequency
    # had better be fixed
    if not _m5.core.clockFrequencyFixed():
-        raise AttributeError, \
-              "In order to do conversions, the global frequency must be fixed"
+        raise AttributeError(
+              "In order to do conversions, the global frequency must be fixed")

    if value == 0:
        return 0
--- a/src/python/m5/util/init.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/init.py
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def compareVersions(v1, v2):
        elif isinstance(v, str):
            return map(lambda x: int(re.match('\d+', x).group()), v.split('.'))
        else:
-            raise TypeError
+            raise TypeError()

    v1 = make_version_list(v1)
    v2 = make_version_list(v2)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def readCommand(cmd, **kwargs):
    kwargs.setdefault('close_fds', True)
    try:
        subp = Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
        if no_exception:
            return exception
        raise
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def makeDir(path):
    ensure that it is a directory"""
    if os.path.exists(path):
        if not os.path.isdir(path):
-            raise AttributeError, "%s exists but is not directory" % path
+            raise AttributeError("%s exists but is not directory" % path)
    else:
        os.mkdir(path)

--- a/src/python/m5/util/code_formatter.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/code_formatter.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class lookup(object):
            return self.args[item]
        except ValueError:
            pass
-        raise IndexError, "Could not find '%s'" % item
+        raise IndexError("Could not find '%s'" % item)

 class code_formatter_meta(type):
    pattern = r"""
--- a/src/python/m5/util/convert.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/convert.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ binary_prefixes = {

 def assertStr(value):
    if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise TypeError, "wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value)
+        raise TypeError("wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value))


 # memory size configuration stuff
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ def toFloat(value, target_type='float', units=None, prefixes=[]):
        try:
            return float(value)
        except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError, "cannot convert '%s' to %s" % \
-                    (value, target_type)
+            raise ValueError("cannot convert '%s' to %s" % \
+                             (value, target_type))

    value = value[:-len(units)]

@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ def toInteger(value, target_type='integer', units=None, prefixes=[]):
    value = toFloat(value, target_type, units, prefixes)
    result = long(value)
    if value != result:
-        raise ValueError, "cannot convert '%s' to integer %s" % \
-                (value, target_type)
+        raise ValueError("cannot convert '%s' to integer %s" % \
+                (value, target_type))

    return result

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def anyToLatency(value):
    """result is a clock period"""
    try:
        return 1 / toFrequency(value)
-    except ValueError, ZeroDivisionError:
+    except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
        pass

    try:
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def anyToLatency(value):
    except ValueError:
        pass

-    raise ValueError, "cannot convert '%s' to clock period" % value
+    raise ValueError("cannot convert '%s' to clock period" % value)

 def anyToFrequency(value):
    """result is a clock period"""
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ def anyToFrequency(value):

    try:
        return 1 / toLatency(value)
-    except ValueError, ZeroDivisionError:
+    except ValueError as ZeroDivisionError:
        pass

-    raise ValueError, "cannot convert '%s' to clock period" % value
+    raise ValueError("cannot convert '%s' to clock period" % value)

 def toNetworkBandwidth(value):
    return toMetricFloat(value, 'network bandwidth', 'bps')
@@ -190,29 +190,29 @@ def toMemorySize(value):

 def toIpAddress(value):
    if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise TypeError, "wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value)
+        raise TypeError("wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value))

    bytes = value.split('.')
    if len(bytes) != 4:
-        raise ValueError, 'invalid ip address %s' % value
+        raise ValueError('invalid ip address %s' % value)

    for byte in bytes:
        if not 0 <= int(byte) <= 0xff:
-            raise ValueError, 'invalid ip address %s' % value
+            raise ValueError('invalid ip address %s' % value)

    return (int(bytes[0]) << 24) | (int(bytes[1]) << 16) | \
           (int(bytes[2]) << 8)  | (int(bytes[3]) << 0)

 def toIpNetmask(value):
    if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise TypeError, "wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value)
+        raise TypeError("wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value))

    (ip, netmask) = value.split('/')
    ip = toIpAddress(ip)
    netmaskParts = netmask.split('.')
    if len(netmaskParts) == 1:
        if not 0 <= int(netmask) <= 32:
-            raise ValueError, 'invalid netmask %s' % netmask
+            raise ValueError('invalid netmask %s' % netmask)
        return (ip, int(netmask))
    elif len(netmaskParts) == 4:
        netmaskNum = toIpAddress(netmask)
@@ -223,18 +223,18 @@ def toIpNetmask(value):
            testVal |= (1 << (31 - i))
            if testVal == netmaskNum:
                return (ip, i + 1)
-        raise ValueError, 'invalid netmask %s' % netmask
+        raise ValueError('invalid netmask %s' % netmask)
    else:
-        raise ValueError, 'invalid netmask %s' % netmask
+        raise ValueError('invalid netmask %s' % netmask)

 def toIpWithPort(value):
    if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise TypeError, "wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value)
+        raise TypeError("wrong type '%s' should be str" % type(value))

    (ip, port) = value.split(':')
    ip = toIpAddress(ip)
    if not 0 <= int(port) <= 0xffff:
-        raise ValueError, 'invalid port %s' % port
+        raise ValueError('invalid port %s' % port)
    return (ip, int(port))

 def toVoltage(value):
--- a/src/python/m5/util/grammar.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/grammar.py
@@ -37,18 +37,17 @@ class ParseError(Exception):
 class Grammar(object):
    def setupLexerFactory(self, **kwargs):
        if 'module' in kwargs:
-            raise AttributeError, "module is an illegal attribute"
+            raise AttributeError("module is an illegal attribute")
        self.lex_kwargs = kwargs

    def setupParserFactory(self, **kwargs):
        if 'module' in kwargs:
-            raise AttributeError, "module is an illegal attribute"
+            raise AttributeError("module is an illegal attribute")

        if 'output' in kwargs:
            dir,tab = os.path.split(output)
            if not tab.endswith('.py'):
-                raise AttributeError, \
-                    'The output file must end with .py'
+                raise AttributeError('The output file must end with .py')
            kwargs['outputdir'] = dir
            kwargs['tabmodule'] = tab[:-3]

@@ -90,13 +89,13 @@ class Grammar(object):
                return -1
            return self.current_lexer.lineno

-        raise AttributeError, \
-            "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (type(self), attr)
+        raise AttributeError(
+            "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (type(self), attr))

    def parse_string(self, data, source='<string>', debug=None, tracking=0):
        if not isinstance(data, basestring):
-            raise AttributeError, \
-                "argument must be a string, was '%s'" % type(f)
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "argument must be a string, was '%s'" % type(f))

        import new
        lexer = self.lex.clone()
@@ -120,8 +119,8 @@ class Grammar(object):
        elif isinstance(f, file):
            source = f.name
        else:
-            raise AttributeError, \
-                "argument must be either a string or file, was '%s'" % type(f)
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "argument must be either a string or file, was '%s'" % type(f))

        return self.parse_string(f.read(), source, **kwargs)

--- a/src/python/m5/util/jobfile.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/jobfile.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Data(object):

    def update(self, obj):
        if not isinstance(obj, Data):
-            raise AttributeError, "can only update from Data object"
+            raise AttributeError("can only update from Data object")

        for key,val in obj.__dict__.iteritems():
            if key.startswith('_') or key in ('name', 'desc'):
@@ -52,22 +52,22 @@ class Data(object):
                if self.__dict__[key] == val:
                    continue

-                raise AttributeError, \
-                      "%s specified more than once old: %s new: %s" % \
-                      (key, self.__dict__[key], val)
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    "%s specified more than once old: %s new: %s" % \
+                    (key, self.__dict__[key], val))

            d = self.__dict__[key]
            for k,v in val.iteritems():
                if k in d:
-                    raise AttributeError, \
-                          "%s specified more than once in %s" % (k, key)
+                    raise AttributeError(
+                        "%s specified more than once in %s" % (k, key))
                d[k] = v

        if hasattr(self, 'system') and hasattr(obj, 'system'):
            if self.system != obj.system:
-                raise AttributeError, \
-                      "conflicting values for system: '%s'/'%s'" % \
-                      (self.system, obj.system)
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    "conflicting values for system: '%s'/'%s'" % \
+                    (self.system, obj.system))

    def printinfo(self):
        if self.name:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Data(object):

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if key.startswith('_'):
-            raise KeyError, "Key '%s' not found" % attr
+            raise KeyError("Key '%s' not found" % attr)
        return self.__dict__[key]

    def __iter__(self):
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ class Job(Data):
        config = options[0]._config
        for opt in options:
            if opt._config != config:
-                raise AttributeError, \
-                      "All options are not from the same Configuration"
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    "All options are not from the same Configuration")

        self._config = config
        self._groups = [ opt._group for opt in options ]
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class Configuration(Data):
    def checkchildren(self, kids):
        for kid in kids:
            if kid._config != self:
-                raise AttributeError, "child from the wrong configuration"
+                raise AttributeError("child from the wrong configuration")

    def sortgroups(self, groups):
        groups = [ (grp._number, grp) for grp in groups ]
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ class Configuration(Data):
            if job.name == jobname:
                return job
        else:
-            raise AttributeError, "job '%s' not found" % jobname
+            raise AttributeError("job '%s' not found" % jobname)

    def job(self, options):
        self.checkchildren(options)
@@ -414,13 +414,12 @@ def JobFile(jobfile):
                filename = testname
                break
        else:
-            raise AttributeError, \
-                  "Could not find file '%s'" % jobfile
+            raise AttributeError("Could not find file '%s'" % jobfile)

    data = {}
    execfile(filename, data)
    if 'conf' not in data:
-        raise ImportError, 'cannot import name conf from %s' % jobfile
+        raise ImportError('cannot import name conf from %s' % jobfile)
    return data['conf']

 def main(conf=None):
@@ -448,11 +447,11 @@ def main(conf=None):

    if conf is None:
        if len(args) != 1:
-            raise AttributeError, usage
+            raise AttributeError(usage)
        conf = JobFile(args[0])
    else:
        if len(args) != 0:
-            raise AttributeError, usage
+            raise AttributeError(usage)

    if both:
        jobs = conf.alljobs()
--- a/src/python/m5/util/multidict.py
+++ b/src/python/m5/util/multidict.py
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ class multidict(object):
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        try:
            del self.local[key]
-        except KeyError, e:
+        except KeyError as e:
            if key in self.parent:
                self.deleted[key] = True
            else:
-                raise KeyError, e
+                raise KeyError(e)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.deleted.pop(key, False)
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ class multidict(object):
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        try:
            return self.local[key]
-        except KeyError, e:
+        except KeyError as e:
            if not self.deleted.get(key, False) and key in self.parent:
                return self.parent[key]
            else:
-                raise KeyError, e
+                raise KeyError(e)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.local) + len(self.parent)
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class multidict(object):
    def get(self, key, default=None):
        try:
            return self[key]
-        except KeyError, e:
+        except KeyError as e:
            return default

    def setdefault(self, key, default):