misc: Update attribute syntax, and reorganize compiler.hh.

This change replaces the __attribute__ syntax with the now standard [[]]
syntax. It also reorganizes compiler.hh so that all special macros have
some explanatory text saying what they do, and each attribute which has a
standard version can use that if available and what version of c++ it's
standard in is put in a comment.

Also, the requirements as far as where you put [[]] style attributes are
a little more strict than the old school __attribute__ style. The use of
the attribute macros was updated to fit these new, more strict
requirements.

Change-Id: Iace44306a534111f1c38b9856dc9e88cd9b49d2a
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/35219
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

src/base/loader/elf_object.cc

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ ElfObject::ElfObject(ImageFileDataPtr ifd) : ObjectFile(ifd)
             "No loadable segments in '%s'. ELF file corrupted?\n",
             imageData->filename());
 
-    for (auto M5_VAR_USED &seg: image.segments())
+    for (M5_VAR_USED auto &seg: image.segments())
         DPRINTFR(Loader, "%s\n", seg);
 
     // We will actually read the sections when we need to load them