diff --git a/DRAMSys/analyzer/scripts/metrics.py b/DRAMSys/analyzer/scripts/metrics.py
index 3b0e6970..b4f39884 100644
--- a/DRAMSys/analyzer/scripts/metrics.py
+++ b/DRAMSys/analyzer/scripts/metrics.py
@@ -240,58 +240,45 @@ def accesses_per_activate(connection):
     return round(result[0]*1.0/number_of_activates(connection), 1)
 
 
+def get_total_time_in_phase(connection, phase):
+    cursor = connection.cursor()
+    query = "SELECT SUM(PhaseEnd - PhaseBegin) / 1000 from Phases where PhaseName = :phase"
+    cursor.execute(query, {"phase": phase})
+    time = cursor.fetchone()
+    totalTime = time[0]
+    if (totalTime is None):
+        totalTime = 0.0
+    return totalTime
+
+
 @metric
 def time_in_PDNA_in_ns(connection):
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    result = []
-    cursor.execute("SELECT SUM(PhaseEnd - PhaseBegin)/1000 from Phases where PhaseName = 'PDNA'")
-    timeInPDNA = cursor.fetchone()
-    totalTimeInPDNA = timeInPDNA[0]
-    if (totalTimeInPDNA is None):
-        totalTimeInPDNA = 0.0
-    return totalTimeInPDNA
+    return get_total_time_in_phase(connection, "PDNA")
 
 
 @metric
 def time_in_PDNA_percent(connection):
-    totalTimeAllBanks = trace_length_in_ns(connection)
-    return time_in_PDNA_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / totalTimeAllBanks
+    return (time_in_PDNA_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / trace_length_in_ns(connection)) * 100
 
 
 @metric
 def time_in_PDNP_in_ns(connection):
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    result = []
-    cursor.execute("SELECT SUM(PhaseEnd - PhaseBegin)/1000 from Phases where PhaseName = 'PDNP'")
-    timeInPDNP = cursor.fetchone()
-    totalTimeInPDNP = timeInPDNP[0]
-    if (totalTimeInPDNP is None):
-        totalTimeInPDNP = 0.0
-    return totalTimeInPDNP
+    return get_total_time_in_phase(connection, "PDNP")
 
 
 @metric
 def time_in_PDNP_percent(connection):
-    totalTimeAllBanks = trace_length_in_ns(connection)
-    return (time_in_PDNP_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / totalTimeAllBanks) * 100
+    return (time_in_PDNP_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / trace_length_in_ns(connection)) * 100
 
 
 @metric
 def time_in_SREF_in_ns(connection):
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    result = []
-    cursor.execute("SELECT SUM(PhaseEnd - PhaseBegin)/1000 from Phases where PhaseName = 'SREF'")
-    timeInSREF = cursor.fetchone()
-    totalTimeInSREF = timeInSREF[0]
-    if (totalTimeInSREF is None):
-        totalTimeInSREF = 0.0
-    return totalTimeInSREF
+    return get_total_time_in_phase(connection, "SREF")
 
 
 @metric
 def time_in_SREF_percent(connection):
-    totalTimeAllBanks = trace_length_in_ns(connection)
-    return (time_in_SREF_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / totalTimeAllBanks) * 100
+    return (time_in_SREF_in_ns(connection) * 1.0 / trace_length_in_ns(connection)) * 100
 
 
 @metric